Kerstmis, Katholicisme en heidense feesten

Op   stond een artikel waar men het ook over de Christelijke feestdagen heeft en de Thora.

Wij gaan niet akkord met alles wat in het artikel staat maar willen het u wel even voorleggen als stof tot nadenken:

Christian holidays are based on the sun/son god Ra which is the secret reason Christians switched to a calendar based on sun cycle, Chri-smass (callout.sun). Sun-Day celebrates the Sun/son god Ra/Yhwh. It also explains the meaning of the words Vatican beti.can = my-house.here and Catho.lic = This-sect.for-me. Together Jews and Christians worship the mysterious Yhwh a.k.a Tho & Ra. Hanukah called the “Holiday of Light”, like Christmas celebrates the “god of Light” (light = Or) the god Ra.

Lees verder:

A Newly Developed Language Decoder Reveals the Torah is the Lost Book of Thoth Who is Hebrew God Yhwh-Elohim

In his upcoming book the Keys to the library, Joe Lanyadoo reveals a new decoder that offers a new understanding of the Torah, the origin of language and the origin of the human race. Using the decoder reveals that all religious writings tell the same story and were written by the same deity. The Tho-Ra was given to Moses 3500 years ago by its author Yhwh, E.l.h.i.m אֱלֹהִים who is none other than the Egyptian Moon god Thoth, the god of all knowledge and all writing who Lanyadoo claims wrote all religious myths.

> Torah is the Lost Book of Thoth

Letterlijke bijbelvertaling verkozen

Het is fijn te horen dat de meerderheid van diegenen die werkelijk de Bijbel willen lezen en hun Bijbelvertaling ook willen gebruiken om meer over God, zijn Gebod, Zijn Zoon en Zijn Plannen te leren, dat dezen verkiezen om eerder een letterlijke vertaling onder ogen te krijgen dan een vrije vertaling te gebruiken.


LifeWay Research heeft een studie onder 2,000 Amerikaanse Bijbel lezers gevoerd. Om in aanmerking te komen moesten de deelnemers werkelijk ook thuisgebruikers van de Bijbel zijn en niet enkel voor de dienst op zondag.

75% van de respondenten verkozen om getrouwheid van de vertaling.

Bij de vraag of men eerder voor een vrije vertaling ging die de gedachte weergaf of een woord voor woord letterlijke vertaling kozen 61 percent voor de woord-voor-woord vertaling.
Maar betreft de stijl is het opvallend dat toch nog 68% de taal eenvoudiger wil hebben en 81% vindt dat het aangenamer om lezen zou moeten zijn.
46% wenst vast te houden aan de traditionele oude taal terwijl 36% een meer moderne taal wenst te zien.
22% wil een vlottere gewone taal en 26% minder formeel terwijl 40% de formele taal verkiezen en 44% meer een taal voor ernstiger en diepgaande studie.



> Accuracy, Word-for-Word Translation Preferred by most Bible Readers

Accuracy, Word-for-Word Translation Preferred by most Bible Readers

Survey: Bible Readers want Accuracy, Word-for-Word Translation

A new study from LifeWay Research reveals some key findings on what distinctives Bible readers desire for their Bible. A total of 2,000 Bible readers participated through a demographically representative online panel, but to qualify, participants had to read the Bible in a typical month either by themselves or as part of a family activity and not merely in a church or corporate group setting.

Most American Bible readers prefer word-for-word translations of the original Greek and Hebrew over thought-for-thought translations and value accuracy over readability.
That is the finding of a new LifeWay Research study of a total of 2,000 Bible readers who participated through a demographically representative online panel. To qualify, participants had to read the Bible in a typical month either by themselves or as part of a family activity and not merely in a church or corporate group setting.
When asked whether they prefer “word-for-word translations, where the original words are translated as exactly as possible” or “thought-for-thought translations, where the translators attempt to reproduce the intent of the original thought rather than translating the exact words,” 61 percent chose word-for-word.
That includes 33 percent who strongly prefer word-for-word translation and 28 percent who somewhat prefer it. In contrast, 20 percent prefer thought-for-thought, including 6 percent with a strong preference and 14 percent who somewhat prefer it. Fourteen percent say both translation philosophies are equally fine, and 5 percent are not sure.
Regarding accuracy, respondents were asked, “In general, what is more important to you in a Bible: total accuracy to the original words, or easy readability?” Three out of four (75 percent) opt for total accuracy, with 43 percent saying accuracy is much more important and 32 percent saying it is somewhat more important.
Fourteen percent say easy readability is somewhat more important, and 8 percent say it is much more important. Three percent are not sure.
“It is interesting to note that Bible sales do not necessarily follow these preferences,” said Scott McConnell, director of LifeWay Research. “Those reading the Bible each month represent only a portion of all Bible purchasers.
“Bible readers can share their preferences for different translation principles but may not be aware of which characteristics are present in specific translations – even the ones that they own. Without specific instruction most readers will not notice when a translation moves away from a literal or word-for-word translation.”
Respondents hold a variety of opinions regarding the style of language they prefer in a Bible translation for personal reading. Among them:
– 68 percent want language to be simpler to understand while 7 percent want it to be more difficult to understand.
– 81 percent say it should be more enjoyable to read while 4 percent prefer it to be more of a chore to read.
– 27 percent favor contemporary language while 46 percent want traditional language.
– 36 percent want more modern language while 37 percent favor more old-fashioned language.
– 19 percent feel understanding the language should require a higher level of education while 49 percent say it should not require a higher level of education.
– 63 percent believe it should be simple for anyone to understand while 14 percent say the language should be meant more for people who have a lot of experience with the Bible.
– 40 percent prefer more formal language while 26 percent say should be more informal.
– 22 percent want language more for casual reading while 44 percent say it should be designed more for in-depth study.
“In the same way drivers want big, powerful, fuel-efficient vehicles, Bible readers want word-for-word translations that are easy to understand,” said McConnell. “As translators try to cross the globe and two millennia, fully accomplishing both is not always possible.”
The survey also asked about translation of God’s name. Though many Bible versions translate God’s name in the Old Testament as “the LORD,” others prefer using what is believed to be the original pronunciation, “Yahweh.”
Nearly eight in 10 Bible readers (79 percent) prefer the traditional translation “the LORD” over the original pronunciation “Yahweh.” That includes 51 percent who strongly prefer “the LORD” and 27 percent who somewhat prefer it. Seven percent somewhat prefer “Yahweh” while 6 percent strongly prefer it. Eight percent are not sure which they favor.
The vast majority of Bible readers do not prefer gender-inclusive translation approaches. A full 82 percent prefer a literal translation of masculine words that describe people in general rather than a more inclusive translation like “humankind” or “person.”
Study participants were told: “Bible translators have to make choices regarding gender issues. For example, the original Greek and Hebrew often uses masculine words such as those literally meaning ‘man’ to describe people in general. Some translators think these should be translated literally as ‘man’ while others think they should be translated into gender-inclusive terms such as ‘humankind,’ ‘human being,’ ‘person’ or ‘one.’ Which do you prefer?”
A majority (53 percent) strongly prefer literal translation while 29 percent somewhat prefer the literal rendering. Only 9 percent somewhat prefer gender-inclusive translation, and 3 percent strongly prefer it. Six percent are not sure.
Bible readers are even more adamant about not making references to God gender-inclusive.
They were told, “Another issue Bible translators face relates to references to God as ‘father’ in the Greek and Hebrew. Some translators think these should be translated literally as ‘father’ while others think they should be translated into gender-inclusive terms such as ‘parent.’ Do you prefer the literal or more gender-inclusive?”
In response, 89 percent want a literal translation of gender-specific references to God, including 68 percent who strongly prefer literal translation and 21 percent who somewhat prefer literal translation. Five percent somewhat prefer gender-inclusive translation, and 2 percent strongly prefer gender-inclusive translation. Four percent are not sure.
“The places in the Bible in which the inspired writers used masculine words for God, a large majority of Bible readers want translators to use masculine words as well,” noted McConnell. “This is true regardless of whether the reader describes their own spiritual beliefs as liberal or conservative.”
Methodology: The LifeWay Research survey was conducted in August 2011 via online panel. A representative sample of U.S. adult population was invited to participate. Two thousand people who read the Bible once a month or more qualified for the study. Only people who read the Bible personally (outside of group activities) or as part of a family activity were included. The sample of 2,000 provides 95 percent confidence that the sampling error does not exceed + 2.2 percent.
- Nashville, Tenn. - PRWEB -  October 03, 2011

Hebrew, Aramaic and Bibletranslation

Every academic year we do like to swap Bibletranslation to keep our minds alert to what is written and meant in the Holy Scriptures.

Most of us do not speak Hebrew or even do not know to speak or read the language. Having no knowledge of the language in which most of the Books of the Bible are written does not make it easy to come to the full understanding of those Hebrew words.

We do have to depend on translations which can be very strict in their translation or take a lot of freedom to translate what is written with a few words but gives a whole (long) meaning. Having no vowels or "the" "a" or "an" at certain places can create a certain confusion.


The Hebrew language  (/ˈhiːbruː/) (עִבְרִית, Ivrit,  Hebrew pronunciation (help·info)) is a Semitic language of the Northern Central (also called Northwestern) group or Afroasiatic language family, closely related to Phoenician and Moabite, with which it is often placed by scholars in a Canaanite subgroup.
Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such as the Samaritans. Most of the Samaritans went to use modern Hebrew or Arabic as their vernacular.

Spoken in ancient times in Palestine, Hebrew was sup­planted by the western dialect of Aramaic which Jeshua (Jesus) also spoke, during the 3rd century BCE; the language con­tinued to be used as a liturgical and literary language, however. It was revived as a spoken language in the 19th and 20th centuries CE and is the official language of Israel.

The history of the Hebrew language is usually divided into three major periods:
 1.Biblical Hebrew is often looked at as a dialetic form of Classical Hebrew The Biblical Hebrew according to scholars flourished around the 6th century BCE, around the time of the Babylonian exile. Classical Hebrew was used until c. 3rd century BCE, in which most of the core of the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) or Old Testament is written. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon HaKodesh (לשון הקודש), "The Holy Language", since ancient times.
 2. Mishnaic or rabbinic Hebrew, the language of the Mishna (a collection of Jewish traditions), written c. CE 200 (this form of Hebrew was never used among the people as a spoken language);
 and 3. Modern Hebrew, derived from the word "ʕibri" (plural "ʕibrim") one of several names for the Jewish people, the language of Israel in modern times.

In the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit (יהודית) because Judah (Yәhuda) was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation, late 8th century BCE (Isaiah 36, 2 Kings 18). In Isaiah 19:18, it is also called the "Language of Canaan" (שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן).

Scholars generally agree that the oldest form of He­brew is that of some of the Old Testament po­ems, especially the "Song of Deborah" in chapter 5 of Judges. The sources of borrowed words first appearing during this period include the other Canaanite languages, as well as Akkadian and Aramaic. Hebrew also con­tains a small number of Sumerian words borrowed from an Akkadian source. Few traces of dialects exist in Biblical Hebrew, but scholars believe this to be the result of Masoretic editing of the text. In addition to the Old Tes­tament, a small number of inscriptions in He­brew of the biblical period are extant; the earliest of these is a short inscription in Phoenician characters dating from the 9th century BC. During the early Mishnaic period, some of the guttural consonants of Biblical Hebrew were combined or confused with one another, and many words, among them a number of adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, were borrowed from Aramaic. Hebrew also borrowed a number of Greek, Latin, and Persian words. Use of the language declined from the 9th century until the 18th century. Modern Hebrew, based on the biblical lan­guage, contains many innovations designed to meet modern needs; it is the only colloquial speech based on a written language. The pronunciation is a modification of that used by Jhe Sefardic (Hispano-Portuguese) Jews rather than that of the Ashkenazic (East European) Jews. The old guttural consonants are' not clearly distinguished or are lost, except by Oriental Jews. The syntax is based on that of the Mishna. Characteristic of Hebrew of all stages is the use of word roots consisting of three consonants, to which vowels are added to derive words of different parts of speech and meaning. The language is written from right to left in a Semitic script of 22 letters.

Hebrew alphabet, either of two distinct Semitic alphabets-the Early Hebrew and the Classical, or Square, Hebrew. Early Hebrew was the alphabet used by the Jewish nation in the period before the Babylonian Exile -i.e., prior to the 6th century BCE - although some inscriptions in this alphabet may be of a later date.

Several hundred inscriptions exist. As is usual in early alphabets, Early Hebrew exists in a variety of local variants and also shows development over time; the oldest example of Early Hebrew writing, the Gezer Calendar, dates from the 10th century BCE, and the writing used varies little from the earliest North Semitic alphabets. The Early Hebrew alphabet, like the modern Hebrew variety, had 22 letters, with only consonants represented, and was written from right to left; but the early alphabet is more closely related in letter form to the Phoenician than to the modern Hebrew. Its only surviving descendant is the Samaritan alphabet, still used by a few hundred Samaritan Jews.

Between the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE, Classi­cal, or Square, Hebrew gradually displaced the Aramaic alphabet, which had replaced Early Hebrew in Palestine. Square Hebrew became established in the 2nd-1st centuries BCE and developed into the modern Hebrew al­phabet over the next 1,500 years. It was ap­parently derived from the Aramaic alphabet rather than from Early Hebrew but was nonetheless strongly influenced by the Early Hebrew script.

Classical Hebrew showed three distinct forms by the 10th century CE: Square Hebrew, a formal or book hand; rabbinical or "Rashi-writing," employed by medieval Jewish scholars; and various local cur­sive scripts, of which the Polish-German type became the modern cursive form.

Dead Sea Scroll Hebrew from the 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE, corresponding to the Hellenistic and Roman Periods before the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and represented by the Qumran Scrolls that form most (but not all) of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Commonly abbreviated as DSS Hebrew, also called Qumran Hebrew. The Imperial Aramaic script of the earlier scrolls in the 3rd century BCE evolved into the Hebrew square script of the later scrolls in the 1st century CE, also known as ketav Ashuri (Assyrian script), still in use today.

The son of Myriam (Mary/Maria) and Joseph (Josef/Jozef) from the tribe of Daniel, also known as Jeshua, Jesus Christ the Messiah, spoke the Aramaic language which also belongs to the Semitic languages of the Northern Central or Northwestern group or to the Afroasiatic language phylum.The name of the language is based on the name of Aram,  an ancient region in central Syria.(Oxford English dictionary, http://oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/10127)

During its 3,000-year written history, Aramaic has served variously as a language of administration of empires and as a language of divine worship. It was the day-to-day language of Israel in the Second Temple period (539 BCE – 70 CE) The difficulty with this language is that Aramaic's long history and diverse and widespread use has led to the development of many divergent varieties which are sometimes called as dialects, though they are quite distinct languages. Therefore, there is no one singular Aramaic language.

In the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, it gradually supplanted Akkadian as the lingua franca of the Near East and later became the official language of the Persian Empire. Aramaic replaced Hebrew as the language of the Jews; portions of the Old Testament books of Dan­iel and Ezra are written in Aramaic, as are the Babylonian and, Jerusalem Talmuds.

Jesus and the Apostles also spoke this language. Its period of greatest influence extended from c. 300 BC until c. AD 650; it was supplanted by Arabic.

In the early Christian era, Aramaic divided into East and West varieties. West Aramaic dialects include Nabataean (formerly spoken in parts of Arabia), Palmyrene (spoken in Palmyra, which was northeast of Damascus), Palestinian-Christian, and Judeo-Aramaic. West Aramaic is still spoken in a small number of villages in Lebanon. East Aramaic includes Syriac, Mandaean, Eastern Neo-Assyrian, and the Aramaic of the Babylonian Talmud.

One of the most important of these is Syriac, which was the language of an extensive literature between the 3rd and 7th centuries. Mandaean was the dialect of a Gnostic sect centred in lower Mesopotamia. East Aramaic is still spoken by a few small groups of Jacobite and Nestorian Christians in the Middle East.

Modern Aramaic is spoken today as a first language by many scattered, predominantly small, and largely isolated communities of differing Christian, Jewish and Mandean ethnic groups of West Asia. (Heinrichs 1990: xi–xv; Beyer 1986: 53.)
Today we can find it by the Assyrians (also known as Chaldo-Assyrians) in the form of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic.

Looking into those ancient languages we do want to follow their way of thinking, understanding how the thoughts are blended into words and phrases full of verbatim and proverbs which we do have to try to see and understand in the light of the way of thinking at that time.

To give a simple example, a few weeks ago when somebody said he was "mad about his apartment" the American listener thought he had become crazy or out of mind because of his apartment. Though the speaker meant just the opposite, namely that he was in love with his apartment. He did not detest it in such a way that he became insane of it, but he came into the clouds living there. (Not meaning that he really went up into the clouds, high in sky.) I use this simple example in the hope everyone can understand how we have to follow the way of saying and have to be careful not to take a proverb literally. Because that happens a lot today when folks read the Bible. As Bible readers we have to transpose ourselves in the time when it was written and how the people thought at that time.

Further we have to take into account how we are going to or how Bible-translators did  translate the The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי‎‎, Alephbet 'Ivri).

By using the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more historically, the Assyrian script, it has to be taken into account how it is spoken out and how one word is written against an other. Best it can be compared to other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic.

There have been two script forms in use. The original old Hebrew script is known as the paleo-Hebrew script (which has been largely preserved, in an altered form, in the Samaritan script), while the present "square" form of the Hebrew alphabet is a stylized form of the Aramaic script, which has its alphabet adapted from the Phoenician alphabet and became distinctive from it by the 8th century BCE. The letters all represent consonants, some of which are matres lectionis, which also indicate long vowels.
The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant, since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems use a script that can be traced back to it, as well as numerous Altaic writing systems of Central and East Asia. This is primarily due to the widespread usage of the Aramaic language as both a lingua franca and the official language of the Neo-Assyrian, and its successor, the Achaemenid Empire. Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.
Aramaic alphabet, major writing system in the Near East in the latter half of the 1st mil­lennium BC. Derived from the North Semitic script, the Aramaic alphabet was developed in the 10th and 9th centuries BC and rose into prominence after the conquest of the Aramaean states by Assyria in the 9th and 8th centuries BC. The Aramaic language and script were used as a lingua franca over all of the Near East, and documents and inscriptions in the Aramaic alphabet have been found in Greece, Afghanistan, India, northern Arabia, and Egypt. The oldest inscription in Aramaic script yet discovered dates from approximately 850 BC.
The Aramaic alphabet is a writing system of 22 letters, all indicating consonants, and it is written from right to left. It is ancestral to Square Hebrew and the modern Hebrew al­phabet, the Nabataean and modern Arabic scripts, the Palmyrene alphabet, and the Syriac, as well as hundreds of other writing sys­tems used at some time in Asia east of Syria. Aramaic also has been influential in the devel­opment of such alphabets as the Georgian, Armenian, and Glagolitic.
Various "styles" (in current terms, "fonts") of representation of the letters exist. There is also a cursive Hebrew script, which has also varied over time and place.

When we want to use names of persons and places we should carefully look how they are written and spoken. When we transfer certain letters into our language into a consonant we should do that for all the words the same way. In English translations we can often find irregularities in that. For example do we not find Yona, but Jonah, Joshua, and Jeruzalem for Yerusalem, but for Yeshua they write Jesus and for Yahuhwah they suddenly go from three syllables to two syllable and write for the Yod an Ypsolom giving God the Name Yahweh instead of the better translation, keeping to the three original syllables, Jehovah and speaking it better not as Americans with an "Dzee" but with an "Yea".

This year we shall become more confronted with those Aramaic names and also will see that in the original writings of the Scriptures they used different words for slightly different things. In such a way we shall wonder if we not better take those different meanings also in our language as different words so that we clearly shall be able to see if there is been spoken off of a direct pupil of Jeshua (Jesus),  or one of the many disciples or the special pupils or sent ones (Shlichim) or one of the seventy.

By checking if the Beth, Daleth, Gimel Heth, Kaf, Qof and the vowels tërë and bireq are translated into the other languages we shall see where there was no consistency and which one we better should follow.

We do know that within a Hebrew name the aleph represents a smooth breathing, and for practical purposes may be considerd a 'silent' letter, but because it gives a softer sound than without putting the 'h' on top of it we do prefer to use the 'h' as well in Dutch, though the Language Commision gives it without an 'h'. The Governemental Dutch language regulation, by the Dutch Language Union and the Spellingraad (Spelling Committee and Dutch Spelling Council) indicate that we should write Jehova in Dutch for the Hebrew Name of God, but there we prefer to use the International used form of Jehovah to have uniformity on our websites in the different languages (and giving more possibilities to have it spoken out as in Hebrew with the soft h-ending. )

For this article is made use of the Encyclopaedia Britannica where you can find more:

Encyclopaedia Britannica Macropaedia: Major re/. 1:621 b ·alphabetical order antiquity 1:619d . Semitic calligraphy development 3:662b . signs and English equivalent, table 3 8:594 . vowel indication methods 19: 1038c; table 1035 . Yiddish adaptation 8:26c

 alphabet origins and standardization 1:621 b; table 620 . alphabet and English equivalent, table 3 8:594 'alphabetical order antiquity 1:619d ·English vocabulary borrowings 6:879a ·Hamito-Semitic languages map 8:590 ·Israel's revival of common language 9: 105ge ·Jewish liturgical use and status 10:297c . Karaite impetus to 9th-century studies 10:318f ·medieval belief in aboriginality 10:643h ·naming patterns 12: 818f ·origins, development, and literary use 10: 196d 'preservation and educational respect 6: 322f 'punctuation and pointing since 800s 15:276g 'relationships, writing, and phonology 8:592d passim to 595c . sacral status as biblical language 7:60h 'U.S. parochial education curriculum 6:42ge ·Yiddish formative influences 8:25h
 
See also Syriac language. 'ancient spread and influence 17:942g +
 Major re/. 1:619h . calligraphy style and development 3:662b ·Iranian varieties and adaptations 9:456d . origins, spread, and influence 17:942g ·vowel indication methods 19: 1038c; table 1035

RELATED ENTRIES in the Ready Reference and Index: Armenian alphabet; Brahml; Georgian alphabets; Greek alphabet; Hebrew alphabet; Kharo~!l; Klik Turki alphabet; Nabataean alphabet; Pahlavi alphabet; Palmyric alphabet; Samaritan alphabet; Syriac alphabet

Hebreeuws en Aramees vs Germaanse talen

Hebreeuws behoort tot de Semitische tak van de Afro-Aziatische talen. Hierdoor is het Hebreeuws verwant aan andere Semitische talen als het Arabisch, Aramees en Akkadisch en in mindere mate ook aan andere Afro-Aziatische talen als het Amhaars, Berbers en het Egyptisch. De Thora bevat de oudste vorm van Hebreeuws. Het Hebreeuws werd opnieuw een levende taal begin 19e eeuw, waarbij het onder met name seculiere joden geleidelijk een aantal andere door joden gesproken talen, zoals Jiddisch en Ladino, tot op zekere hoogte verving.

Jezus sprak Aramees in de omgang en in de tempel sprak hij het gebruikelijke Hebreeuws. De geschriften uit zijn tijd werden veelvuldig ook in het Aramees opgesteld.

Om die reden nemen wij voor dit academisch jaar de Aramese Bijbels ter hand voor onze Dagelijkse lezingen en in onze dienst.In het Nederlands zullen wij "De Geschriften" en de "AEDNT" of Aremaic English Dutch New Testament gebruiken. In het Engels de equivalent Aramaic English New Testament en "The Sricptures".

 Een kenmerk van veel Semitische talen, waaronder het Hebreeuws, is het zogenaamde triconsonantalisme. Bijna alle woorden kunnen herleid worden tot drie consonanten (medeklinkers), de radicalen, die de wortel (radix) van het woord vormen. Sommige radicaalstammen zijn 'afgesleten' of 'uitgehold', zodat er soms nog maar twee radicalen zichtbaar zijn. Er zijn ook stammen die uit meer dan drie radicalen bestaan, soms onder invloed van andere talen. En dan zijn er nog de leenwoorden, waarvoor de linguïstische wetten van het Hebreeuws uiteraard niet gelden. Hoewel het Jiddisch veel Hebreeuwse en Aramese woorden bevat, behoort die taal tot de Germaanse tak van de Indo-Europese talen - dezelfde taalgroep waartoe ook het Nederlands, het Duits en het Engels behoren.

Het is in de optie rekening te houden met de originele taal dat wij ook beter voorkeur zouden geven aan óf hetzelfde gebruik van een woord óf om een gelijkaardige vertaling te gebruiken. Men kan niet voor één worod een bepaalde klinker of medeklinkerkeuze gebruiken terwijl men voor een ander woord een andere medeklinker en klinker keuze zou gaan toepassen. Zo kan de Yod in het Hebreeuws niet vervangen worden door een J terwijl men op een andere plaats de voorkeur geeft aan het gebruik van een Ypsolom. De Y zou in elke Germaanse taal moeten vertaald worden met een J, daarom niet Yahweh bijvoorbeeld, maar Jahwe. Maar die naam voor god is niet overeenkomstig de drieklank in het Hebreeuws waar het Yahuwhah klinkt als het Nederlandse Jehovah (of "Jehovwhah") Om die reden moet men dan ook opteren voor Jehovah als de meest geschikte omzetting van de Naam van God, de Hashem Elohim "Ik ben die ben".

Zeus een heerser van hemel en aarde

In de oudheid nam men aan dat het geheel der dingen wel oest geschapen zijn door een speciaal wezen. Al de geneugten die men kon verkrijgen door al het geen men kon bewonderen en verorberen. Maar als er iemand zo machtig kon zijn om dat alles te doen ontstaan kon hij dat ook doen reageren en werken: de aarde kon werken maar ook de lichten en de wateren konden werken. donder en bliksem waren de sprekende krachten van die god.

Het flitsende licht maakte dat hij kon waargenomen worden en daarvoor werd de bliksemschicht de symbolische voorstelling van deze god die als heerser van hemel en aarde, vader van de goden en van de mensen mocht zijn. Met de bliksemschicht kon hij de stralende zijn (Indo-Europees *Djev = stralende, verwant met Latijn dies = dag) duidend op een verwantschap met de verering van het heldere uitspansel. Zeus (Oudgrieks: Ζεύς, genitivus Διός of Ζηνος) is een figuur uit de Griekse mythologie welke voor de Romeinen dezelfde god was als Jupiter of Iupiter en als meest wezenlijke functie die van hemelgod had.Hij heerste vanaf de berg Olympus in Thessalië. De Germaanse volkeren vereenzelvigden hem met Wodan en de Scandinavische volken met Odin.

Iemand die zo veel macht had dat hij alles kon doen ontstaan moest wel inventief en avontuurlijk zijn. en mits de vrouwmens kinderen ter wereld kon brengen moest dat wezen wel mogelijks verbonden kunnen zijn of verleid kunnen worden door die machtige god.
Door zijn grote behoefte aan avontuur en speelsheid kreeg hij ontelbaar veel kinderen bij godinnen en aardse vrouwen. Velen werden door Hera gestraft. Er zijn ook verhalen die aantonen dat Zeus ook van mannen kon houden, zo werd deze koning in het vreemdgaan verliefd op de koninklijke Trojaan Ganymedes. Zeus was zo dol op deze jongen dat hij hem tot zijn wijnschenker maken (dan voel je je belangrijk), zo kreeg Zeus zijn Nectar aangeboden door Ganymedes. Zijn belangrijkste avonturen vonden plaats met: Maia (Hermes), Semele (Dionysos), Leto (Apollo en Artemis), Themis (de Moerae, dit waren schikgodinnen, en de Horen, dit waren de godinnen van de jaargetijden) en bij Mnemosyne verwekte Zeus de Muzen.

Vreemd is dat hij als heerser van hemel en aarde dan toch nog een zoon van Kronos (Lat. Saturnus) en Rheia, twee van de twaalf Titanen, de machtige zonen en dochters van Ouranos, de hemelgod kon zijn. Kronos was de opvolger van Ouranos. Zeus was als enige zoon ontsnapt aan Kronos' vraatzucht, die was opgewekt door een orakel dat voorspelde dat een van zijn zonen hem eens van de troon zou stoten. Om dit te voorkomen verzwolg hij al zijn kinderen. Maar de verdrietige Rheia wist de geboorte van Zeus geheim te houden en zij verborg hem in een verafgelegen, donkere grot op Kreta waar hij werd opgevoed door de nimfen. Daar dronk hij melk van de geit Amaltheia en brachten de bijen hem honing. Adriasteia en Ida, dochters van Melisseus, verzorgden hem. Ook de priesters van die streek, de Koureten, hielpen mee de jonge god te beschermen. Ze bewaakten de grot en als hij huilde sloegen ze hard op hun wapenrusting, zodat Kronos het niet zou horen.

Al vroeg, wellicht reeds in de Myceense tijd (ca. 1600 tot ca. 1100 v.Chr.), werd hij de centrale figuur van het Griekse pantheon en stelde hij de overige goden op de achtergrond. Naar het voorbeeld van hoofden van aanzienlijke geslachten op aarde stelde men Zeus voor als het hoofd van de godenfamilie.

Voor Europa zou hij aan de wieg liggen van onze contreien.

De beeldschone dochter was van Agenor en Telephasse, Europa ging op een dag met haar vriendinnen naar het strand van Sidona. zeus die alles gade sloeg vanuit de hemelen zag de beeldige minne en kreeg er zin in. In de gedaante van een tamme witte stier benaderde hij Europa en legde zich aan haar voeten. Toen Europa genoeg moed verzameld had om met de stier te spelen durfde zij zelfs op zijn rug te gaan zitten. Maar toen ze dat deed greep Zeus zijn kans schoon om zich op te richten en de zee in te rennen. Europa huilde en smeekte om terug te gaan, maar tevergeefs. Europa moest zichzelf goed vasthouden om niet te vallen. Zeus bracht haar naar Kreta, waar hij haar bij de bron van Gortyna (in de bosjes) beminde, vanaf dat moment zijn deze bomen groenblijvend, omdat ze de liefde van een god bedekte. Zeus en Europa kregen 3 kinderen: de legendarische Minos, de dappere Sarpedon en de rechtvaardige Radhamanthys. Er wordt gefluisterd dat Zeus de enorme robot Talus aan Europa gaf als geschenk.

Europa trouwde later met de koning van Kreta Asterion, die haar kinderen adopteerde, ook gaf hij het continent waar Griekenland en omliggende landen in liggen de naam Europa.

De stier steeg op naar de hemel en is sinds die dag een sterrenbeeld: de Stier.

Zeus is ook onafscheidelijk verbonden met Aphrodite die 'ontstond' toen Zeus de gonaden van Kronos in zee wierp.

Ook is er hier met deze god een vreemde verbintenis met een oermoeder Gaia van de Aarde (Oudgrieks: Γαῖα, Γαῖη of Γῆ) of Gaea (gelatiniseerd) in het Romeins Tellus of Terra. In dat licht paste Zeus of Ieus goed in het kader van diegenen die een gelijkenis met de Griekse en Romeinse goden wensten in het Christendom. As men Jeshua voor Ieus of Jesus ("Heil Zeus") nam kon zijn moeder Myriam als Maria ook moeder van god worden.Door tekens de naam Jesus of Jezus te zeggen kon men dan tegelijk Zeus vereren en alle heil toe brengen. Met zijn moeder als moeder van god en aardse moeder aan te nemen kon zij ook moeder aarde vertolken.

Voor hen die wilden vasthouden dat de aarde was ontstaan uit een zwart gat of uit chaos kwam Gaia als godin overeen. Zij is dan die oermoeder, de Aarde, die ontstond uit de Chaos aan het begin van de dingen. De Chaos bevatte alle basisbestanddelen, de vier elementen aarde, water, lucht en vuur. Daaruit ontstond onder anderen Gaea.

Zeus had enkele van Gaia, afgebeeld als een mollige vrouw, in de tweede grote oorlog om de hemelheerschappij, tussen Zeus en zijn tegenstanders, de monsterlijke Giganten.enkele kinderen gevangen genomen om te laten kwellen in Tartarus. De monsterlijke Giganten werden door Gaia opgeroepen om de kinderen te bevrijden. Hoewel de reuzen in hun woede hele bergen losrukten en op elkaar stapelden, won Zeus de strijd en werd hij voorgoed en onbetwist heerser van het heelal, als Opperste in de kring der goden.

Door Jeshua ook de rol van Zeus toe te dienen kon die nieuwe god ook heerser van het heelal worden.

With God All Things Are Possible

Genesis 18:13 And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?
14 Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.
Job 42:1 Then Job answered the LORD, and said,
2 I know that thou canst do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from thee.

Jeremiah 32:16 Now when I had delivered the evidence of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, I prayed unto the LORD, saying,
17 Ah Lord GOD! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee:
18 Thou shewest lovingkindness unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them: the Great, the Mighty God, the LORD of hosts, is his name,
19 Great in counsel, and mighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings:
20 Which hast set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, even unto this day, and in Israel, and among other men; and hast made thee a name, as at this day;
21 And hast brought forth thy people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs, and with wonders, and with a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm, and with great terror;
22 And hast given them this land, which thou didst swear to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey;
23 And they came in, and possessed it; but they obeyed not thy voice, neither walked in thy law; they have done nothing of all that thou commandedst them to do: therefore thou hast caused all this evil to come upon them:
24 Behold the mounts, they are come unto the city to take it; and the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans, that fight against it, because of the sword, and of the famine, and of the pestilence: and what thou hast spoken is come to pass; and, behold, thou seest it.
25 And thou hast said unto me, O Lord GOD, Buy thee the field for money, and take witnesses; for the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.
26 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying,
27 Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all flesh: is there any thing too hard for me?
28 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he shall take it:
29 And the Chaldeans, that fight against this city, shall come and set fire on this city, and burn it with the houses, upon whose roofs they have offered incense unto Baal, and poured out drink offerings unto other gods, to provoke me to anger.

Matthew 19:23 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven.
24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
25 When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved?
26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.

Mark 9:20 And they brought him unto him: and when he saw him, straightway the spirit tare him; and he fell on the ground, and wallowed foaming.
21 And he asked his father, How long is it ago since this came unto him? And he said, Of a child.
22 And ofttimes it hath cast him into the fire, and into the waters, to destroy him: but if thou canst do any thing, have compassion on us, and help us.
23 Jesus said unto him, If thou canst believe, all things are possible to him that believeth.

Mark 10:23 And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto his disciples, How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!
24 And the disciples were astonished at his words. But Jesus answereth again, and saith unto them, Children, how hard is it for them that trust in riches to enter into the kingdom of God!
25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
26 And they were astonished out of measure, saying among themselves, Who then can be saved?
27 And Jesus looking upon them saith, With men it is impossible, but not with God: for with God all things are possible.

Mark 14:32 And they came to a place which was named Gethsemane: and he saith to his disciples, Sit ye here, while I shall pray.
33 And he taketh with him Peter and James and John, and began to be sore amazed, and to be very heavy;
34 And saith unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death: tarry ye here, and watch.
35 And he went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him.
36 And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt.

Luke 1:34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?
35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren.
37 For with God nothing shall be impossible.

Luke 18:22 Now when Jesus heard these things, he said unto him, Yet lackest thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me.
23 And when he heard this, he was very sorrowful: for he was very rich.
24 And when Jesus saw that he was very sorrowful, he said, How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!
25 For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
26 And they that heard it said, Who then can be saved?
27 And he said, The things which are impossible with men are possible with God.

No Other Name (But Jesus)

What do you think of this?:

“No Other Name (But Jesus)” in which he gives a quick example of how Christ is in every book of the Bible: “God has promised He will never leave us nor forsake us.  In Christ, God has revealed His faithfulness to us from the beginning of time.  In Genesis, Jesus is The Ram at Abraham’s Altar.  In Exodus, He is The Passover Lamb.  In Leviticus, He is The High Priest.  In Numbers, He is The Cloud by Day and Pillar of Fire by Night.  In Deuteronomy, He is The City of Our Refuge.  In Joshua, He is The Scarlet Thread Out Rahab’s Window. In Judges, He is Our Judge.  In Ruth, He is Our Kinsman Redeemer. In 1st and 2nd Samuel, He is Our Trusted Prophet, and in Kings and Chronicles, He is Our Reigning King.  In Ezra, He is Our Faithful Scribe.  In Nehemiah, He is The Rebuilder of Everything That is Broken, and in Esther, He is The Mordecai Sitting Faithful at the Gate.  In Joel, He is Our Redeemer That Ever Liveth.  In Psalms, He is My Shepherd and I Shall Not Want.  In Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, He is Our Wisdom and in The Song of Solomon, He’s The Beautiful Bridegroom.  In Isaiah, He’s The Suffering Servant.  In Jeremiah and Lamentations, it is Jesus That is The Weeping Prophet.  In Ezekiel, He is The Wonderful 4-Faced Man, and in Daniel, He is The Fourth Man in the Midst of The Fiery Furnace.  In Hosea, He is My Love That is Forever Faithful.  In Joel, He Baptizes Us With The Holy Spirit.  In Amos, He’s Our Burden-Bearer.  In Obadiah, Our Saviour and in Jonah, He is The Great Foreign Missionary That Takes The Word of God Into All the World.  You go on and you see in Micah, He is The Messenger With Beautiful Feet.  In Nahum, He is The Avenger.  In Habakkuk, He is The Watchman That is Ever Praying for Revival.  In Zephaniah, He is The LORD Mighty To Save.  In Haggai, He is The Restorer of Our Lost Heritage.  In Zechariah, He is Our Fountain and in Malachi, He is The Son of Righteousness With Healing In His Wings.  In Matthew, Thou Art The Christ; The Son of The Living God.  In Mark, He is The Miracle Worker.  In Luke, He is The Son of Man and in John, He is The Door By Which Everyone Of Us Must Enter.  In Acts, He is The Shining Light That Appears To Saul On The Road To Damascus.  In Romans, He is Our Justifier.  In 1st Corinthians, Our Resurrection.  In 2nd Corinthians, Our Sin-Bearer.  In Galatians, He Redeems Us From The Law.  In Ephesians, He is Our Unsearchable Riches.  In Philippians, He Supplies Our Every Need.  And in Colossians, He is The Fullness of The God-head Bodily.  In 1st  & 2nd Thessalonians, He is Our Soon-Coming King.  In 1st & 2nd Timothy, He is The Mediator Between God and Man.  In Titus, He is Our Blessed Hope.  In Philemon, He is A Friend That Sticks Closer Than A Brother.  And in Hebrews, He is The Blood of The Everlasting Covenant.  In James, it is The Lord That Heals The Sick.  In 1st & 2nd Peter, He is The Chief Shepherd.  In 1st, 2nd and 3rd John, it is Jesus Who Has The Tenderness of Love.  In Jude, He is The LORD Coming With Ten Thousand Saints.  And in Revelation, lift up your eyes, Church, for Your Redemption Draweth Nigh.  He is KING of KINGS & LORD of LORDS!”  Nice intro to the song!

From:Don Moen in Oman: Update

Sociological changes to be taken serious by the church

Shekinah Glory writes:

The senior Republican on the House Education and Labor Committee is ramping up pressure on the White House to explain how it intends to pay for its student loan program, saying it will “leave the taxpayer holding the bag.”

Speaking on "Fox and Friends" Monday, Rep. John Kline (R-Minn.) criticized the president for bypassing Congress with an executive order and said his committee is still unsure what the program does or how it will be paid for.
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If the church does not take seriously the sociological changes of the new generation they will simply be left as relics of a bygone day.

Read more in: Occupy Church Manifesto #2
Related article: Voice for the plebs

German Winter Bible School

The Christadelphian Gemiende Esslingen will hold its annual Winter Bible School in Loerrach, Germany from, Lord Willing, from December 28th, 2011 to January 2nd, 2012.

It is held at a Youth Hostel at the very south-western tip of Germany, a short walk from the Swiss border and at the southern reaches of the Black Mountains. It is a short drive to Basel, Switzerland and the Eastern border of France at the Rhine River.

Dates: December 28th, 2011 to January 2, 2012

Location: Lörrach Youth Hostel which is situated in the foothills of the southern Black Forest. The city of Lörrach adjoins Basel in Switzerland and France is also only a stone‘s throw away. Access to Basel airport, or Lörrach train station is simple as is the journey by road. We will have full and exclusive use of the whole youth hostel as they are normally closed during this period.  This is the “Tourist view” of the hostel!  Never fear, all rooms are heated and we Germans make sure there are no draughts!  In fact the youth hostel has its own flair in winter!

Speakers: Brother Andy Hale from England for the morning and Brother David Nicholls from Wales for the evening studies. We also plan to have a special session for young people after the evening meal.

About the Bible School

By promoting warm fellowship in a spiritual family setting we hope to encourage and strengthen each other to remain steadfast until our Lord returns. It is also a special chance to start the new year with like minded brothers and sisters in the bond of God’s Word.

Intensive time spent in God’s word, as well as the opportunity for meaningful discussions invariably result in as all coming away spiritually uplifted each year. Join us if you can! Have a look at the gallery of past years to gain an impression of the atmosphere and friendship fostering time available to all who attend.
For more details visit the Esslingen Ecclesial website: http://www.christadelphian.de/esslingen/bibelstudienwochen/